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X-Ray Spectra from Dense Plasma Focus Devices

Authors: H. L. L. Van Paassen; R. H. Vandre; R. Stephen White;

X-Ray Spectra from Dense Plasma Focus Devices

Abstract

X-ray spectra with energies up to 350 keV are reported for two paraboloidal plasma focus devices, the Mark I and Mark III device. Low energy x rays with energies between 5.46 and 29.2 keV were measured with Ross filters. Both time resolved and time integrated spectra were obtained. The higher energy x rays from 60 to 350 keV were measured with K-5 nuclear emulsions. The energies of the individual electrons produced by the photoelectric effect and by Compton scattering in the nuclear emulsion were measured and the x-ray spectra were deduced. The x-ray spectra from each device can be represented by the function (dN/dE)E = AE−m. In the Mark I device, A = (0.85 ± 0.28) × 108 ergs (keV)1.5 and m = (2.5 ± 0.8); in the Mark III device, A = (3.8 ± 1.0) × 108 ergs (keV)1.5 and m = (2.5 ± 1.0), where E is the photon energy in kiloelectron volts. Both spectra are similar in shape, but the x-ray intensity from Mark III, with four times the bank energy, is greater. The x rays appear to be produced by thick target bremsstrahlung on the anode surface by electrons with maximum energies greater than 350 keV and total energy distributions that vary as E−3.3. The start of the x-ray pulse is found to be coincident in time with the current discontinuity in the plasma pinch device.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
40
Average
Top 1%
Top 10%
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