The Sun has been known to rotate for more than 4 centuries, and evidence is also available through direct measurements, that almost all stars rotate. In this lecture, I will propose a review of the different physical processes associated to rotation that are expected to impact the evolution of stars. I will describe in detail the way these physical processes are introduced in 1D stellar evolution codes and how their introduction in the modelling has impacted our understanding of the internal structure, nucleosynthesis and global evolution of stars.

62 pages, 33 figs. Lecture given at the Evry Schatzman School 2012 of PNPS and CNRS/INSU on the "Role and mechanisms of angular momentum transport during the formation and early evolution of stars", Eds. P.Hennebelle & C.Charbonnel. To appear in EAS Publications Series