
The CIGRE benchmark model consists of weak rectifier and inverter a.c. systems resonant at the second harmonic and a d.c. system resonant at the fundamental frequency. Both a.c. systems are balanced and connected in star-ground. The HVDC link is a 12-pulse monopolar configuration with the converter transformers connected star-ground/star and star-ground/delta. Impedance scans of the a.c. and d.c. systems. A phase imbalance is created in the inverter a.c. system by inserting typically a 5.0 per cent resistance into one phase in series with the a.c. system.
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