The objective of this article is to present a detailed review of the international literature concerning both the already established and the most recent information about clinical picture, aetiology, classification, diagnosis and treatment of prostatitis. The symptomatology of the condition is non-specific and requires a wide spectrum of diagnostic tools in order the clinician be able to reach a firm conclusion. A novel classification system is outlined, with already established international reputation. The treatment of the various chronic types is often empirical and the available therapies need controlled studies in order to achieve an established status in Urologist's armamentarium. Finally it is emphasized that continuous research addressing to aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment is of paramount importance in answering questions and shedding light on this obscure syndrome.