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Kidney International
Article
License: Elsevier Non-Commercial
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Kidney International
Article . 1972
License: Elsevier Non-Commercial
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Kidney International
Article . 1972 . Peer-reviewed
License: Elsevier Non-Commercial
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The mechanism of glucagon-induced natriuresis in dogs

Authors: Mortimer Levy; Neil L. Starr;

The mechanism of glucagon-induced natriuresis in dogs

Abstract

The mechanism of glucagon-induced natriuresis in dogs. Although it is well established that glucagon may exert a natriuretic effect when administered to dogs, it is not clear whether this is mediated only by increments in filtered sodium or by a direct tubular effect. To study this problem we gave glucagon at 5 µg/min either i.v. or into the renal artery of hydropenic, anesthetized dogs. These infusions were followed by a prompt, modest diuresis. GFR increased by 30% (P < 0.01) while PAH clearance increased by only 18% (P < 0.05). Sodium excretion increased by 65 µEq/min/kidney (P < 0.01). This increment in urinary excretion represented from 0.3 to 29% of the increment in filtered sodium load, with a mean of 6.14%. When sodium excretion was returned to pre-glucagon levels by reducing filtered load with an aortic clamp in nine dogs, GFR was found to be at or above control levels in eight of nine animals. When this maneuver was reversed so that the left renal artery was clamped in five dogs prior to the infusion of glucagon, increments in GFR and UNaV were observed only from the undamped kidney. Recollection micropuncture was carried out in 24 endproximal tubules of five dogs. Infusion of glucagon caused no change in TF/P inulin despite an increment in GFR of 24%. Prior vasodilatation of one kidney with acetylcholine did not prevent the usual increment of GFR or sodium excretion following glucagon.When glucagon was administered to four chronic caval dogs with ascites, incremental increases in GFR from 34.7 to 87% were observed. This increase in filtered load was associated with increments in sodium excretion ranging from 25 to 312 µEq/min. We conclude that 1) the data support the thesis that glucagon natriuresis is determined largely by increments in the filtered sodium load. The small percentage of the increment in filtered sodium appearing in the urine following glucagon makes it unnecessary to postulate a direct tubular action. Such an effect however, cannot be definitely ruled out because of the modest nature of the natriuresis and the limitations in analytical and micropuncture methodology; 2) glomerulotubular balance is preserved in the proximal tubule when GFR is increased; 3) the ability of glucagon to elevate GFR is not abolished by prior renal vasodilatation; and 4) glucagon may prove useful as an aid to diuresis in certain clinical situations.Mécanisme de la natriurèse induite par le glucagon chez le chien. Quoiqu'il soit bien établi que le glucagon puisse exercer un effet natriurétique chez le chien il n'est pas clairement déterminé si ceci est la conséquence d'une augmentation de la charge de sodium filtré ou d'un effet tubulaire direct. Afin d'étudier ce problème nous avons administré du glucagon à 5 µg/min, soit par voie intra veineuse, soit dans l'artère rénale, à des chiens hydropéniques et anesthésiés. Ces perfusions ont rapidement entraîné une diurèse modérée. Le débit de filtration glomérulaire (DFG) a augmenté de 30% (P < 0.001) cependant que la clearance du PAH n'augmentait que de 18% (P < 0.05). L'excrétion du sodium a augmenté de 65 µEq/min/rein (P < 0.01). Cette augmentation de l'excrétion urinaire représente 0.3 à 29% de l'augmentation du sodium filtré (moyenne 6.14%). Quand l'excrétion de sodium a été ramenée aux valeurs observées avant l'administration de glucagon par réduction de la charge filtrée au moyen d'un clamp aortique chez 9 chiens le DFG s'est trouvé égal ou supérieur aux valeurs contrôles chez 8 des 9 chiens. Réciproquement, quand le clamp a été appligué à l'artère rénale gauche chez 5 chiens avant infusion de glucagon, une augmentation du DFG et du UNaV n'a été observeé que dans le rein dépourvu de clamp. Des recollections en microponction ont été faites dans 24 fins de tubules proximaux chez 5 chiens. La perfusion de glucagon n'a pas modifié le TF/P de l'inuline malgré l'augmentation de 24% du DFG. La vasodilatation préalable d'un rein par l'acétylcholine n'a pas empêché l'augmentation du DFG et de l'excrétion du sodium après glucagon. Quand le glucagon a été adminstré à 4 chiens ayant une constriction cave avec ascite des augmentations du DFG de 34.7 à 87% ont été observées. Cette augmentation de la charge filtrée était associée à des augmentations de l'excrétion du sodium allant de 25 à 312 µEq/min. Nous concluons que: 1) les données démontrent que la natriurèse observée après glucagon est largement due aux augmentations du DFG. Puisque le pourcentage de l'augmentation du sodium filtré qui apparait dans l'urine suivant l'administration du glucagon reste minime, il est inutile de postuler une action tubulaire directe. Une telle action n'est pourtant pas définitivement exclue, la natriurèse étant modérée et les techniques analytiques et de microponction étant limitées. 2) l'équilibre glomérulo-tubulaire est conservé dans le tube proximal quand le DFG est augmenté. 3) la capacité du glucagon d'élever le DFG n'est pas abolie par une vasodilatation préalable et 4) le glucagon peut avoir un intérêt dans certaines situations cliniques pour augmenter la diurèse.

Keywords

Atropine, Male, Dehydration, Aminohippuric Acids, Kidney Glomerulus, Inulin, Ascites, Natriuresis, Glucagon, Acetylcholine, Kidney Tubules, Proximal, Dogs, Injections, Intra-Arterial, Nephrology, Injections, Intravenous, Animals, Female, Desoxycorticosterone, Ligation, Aorta, Glomerular Filtration Rate

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
88
Average
Top 1%
Top 10%
hybrid