A total of 654 centers from 48 countries were contacted for the 2010 survey. In all, 634 centers reported a total of 33 362 hematopoietic SCT (HSCT) with 30 012 patients receiving their first transplant (12 276 allogeneic (41%) and 17 736 autologous (59%)). Main indications were leukemias: 9355 (31%; 93% allogeneic), lymphoid neoplasias specifically Non Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma and plasma cell disorders: 17 362 (58%; 12% allogeneic), solid tumors: 1585 (5%; 6% allogeneic) and non-malignant disorders: 1609 (6%; 88% allogeneic). There were more unrelated donors than HLA-identical sibling donors (53% versus 41%); the proportion of peripheral blood as stem cell source was 99% for autologous and 71% for allogeneic HSCT. Cord blood was primarily used in allogeneic transplants (6% of total) with three autologous cord blood HSCT being reported. The number of transplants has increased by 19% since 2005 (allogeneic 37% and autologous 9%) and continued to increase by about 1100 HSCT per year since 2000. Patterns of increase were distinct and different. The data show the development of transplantation in Europe since 1990, with the number of patients receiving a HSCT increasing from 4200 to over 30 000 annually. The most impressive trend seen is the steady increase of unrelated donor transplantation, in parallel to the availability of unrelated donors through donor registries.