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Journal of Algebraic Combinatorics
Article . 1999 . Peer-reviewed
License: Springer Nature TDM
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Article . 1999
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Chip-Firing and the Critical Group of a Graph

Chip-firing and the critical group of a graph
Authors: Biggs, N. L.;

Chip-Firing and the Critical Group of a Graph

Abstract

Let \(G\) be a graph with perhaps multiple edges in which each vertex \(v\) is labeled with an integer \(s(v)\). A firing of a vertex is a modification of the vertex labeling increasing the label of each neighbor \(w\) of \(v\) by one for each edge between \(v\) and \(w\), and decreasing the label on \(v\) by the degree of \(v\) (essentially distributing a chip to each neighbor). Chip firing in graphs has been studied in \textit{A. Björner} and \textit{L. Lovász} [J. Algebr. Comb. 1, No. 4, 305-328 (1992; Zbl 0805.90142)] and with different terminology in \textit{A. Gabrielov} [Avalanches, sandpiles and Tutte decomposition, in: L. Corwin et al. (ed.), The Gelfand Seminars, 1990-1992, 19-26 (1993; Zbl 0786.60124)]. In this paper the author considers a variant of the game in which all vertex labels are positive except for one distinguished vertex whose label is always negative (the government). The main result is that the critical labelings can be given the structure of an abelian group whose order is the number of spanning trees of \(G\).

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Keywords

Graph labelling (graceful graphs, bandwidth, etc.), tree number, invariant factor, Graphs and linear algebra (matrices, eigenvalues, etc.), critical group, avalanche, Graph theory (including graph drawing) in computer science, chip firing, discrete Laplacian, Graphs and abstract algebra (groups, rings, fields, etc.)

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
153
Top 1%
Top 1%
Top 10%
bronze
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