A detailed analysis of the historical and contemporary range of the Siberian sturgeon, Acipenser baerii, shows that the contemporary status of its populations and forms can be described as threatened or endangered. Recently, the abundance of the nominal subspecies, A. b. baerii, which inhabits mainly the Ob River basin, decreased sharply. Due to construction of hydroelectric dams, up to 40% of the spawning grounds became inaccessible for migrating sturgeon of this subspecies. The Lake Baikal subspecies, A. baerii baicalensis, is extremely rare and was included in the Russian Federation Red Data Book in 1983. The abundance of the east Siberian subspecies, A. baerii stenorrhynchus, inhabiting the basins of the east Siberia rivers, has also significantly decreased during the last few years. Its range in the Yenisey and Lena River basins is gradually being reduced. Gametogenesis is anomalous in a high number of females from all populations of this subspecies (in the Kolyma and Indigirka river stocks 80–100% of females were anomalous in 1987–1989). These anomalies seem to be caused by high levels of water pollution.