To maintain the general health of small ruminants, owners, managers, and clinicians should be familiar with the body condition-scoring [table: see text] methods, general health, and overall appearance of the animals in their care. Any changes in the overall health of individual animals or the flock should be noted immediately, the cause determined, and immediate measures should be taken to correct any problems. Parasite management in small ruminants is a difficult and arduous task. When a program that reduces parasite infestation is discovered, it should be carefully implemented, maintained with vigilance, and constantly "tweaked" to maximize its effectiveness.