Diverticular disease of the colon has been called a "deficiency disease of the Western Civilization" and has become increasingly more common in industrialized countries during this century. Diets low in fiber predispose the patient to the development of this condition, and adding fiber to the diet is effective in prevention and treatment. Most patients with the condition are asymptomatic, but many patients experience pain and bowel disturbance along with other symptoms. Complications include infection, bowel obstruction and bleeding, and they may be life threatening. Medical and/or surgical management are indicated.