Textile materials with engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) proved excellent antibacterial, antimicrobial, water resistance and protective properties. Textile industry has recognized the importance and advantages of ENPs, so this is one of the fastest developing branches of the processing. Secondly, the most important sources of ENPs released to the environment from textile industries are textile wastewaters and waters from large hospital or hotel laundries. In addition, a threat to the environment present waste textile materials coated with ENPs, if such materials are not properly handled and disposed after their usage. Currently the toxicity and potential harmfulness of widely applied nanoparticles on textiles are not thoroughly investigated and/or eliminated. Consequently, there is an urgent need for defining the most appropriate analytical methods for monitoring such particles on textiles. Therefore, this review presents the most important techniques for monitoring of ENPs on textile materials and in textile wastewater samples, with the perspective of preservation of environment and human health.