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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao The Science of The T...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
The Science of The Total Environment
Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
License: Elsevier TDM
Data sources: Crossref
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Studying human exposure to vehicular emissions using computational fluid dynamics and an urban mobility simulator: The effect of sidewalk residence time, vehicular technologies and a traffic-calming device

Authors: Juan C. Zavala-Reyes; A.P.R. Jeanjean; R.J. Leigh; Iván Y. Hernández-Paniagua; Irma Rosas-Pérez; Aron Jazcilevich;

Studying human exposure to vehicular emissions using computational fluid dynamics and an urban mobility simulator: The effect of sidewalk residence time, vehicular technologies and a traffic-calming device

Abstract

A computational system consisting of an urban mobility simulator, validated fluid dynamics and an integral exposure model, is proposed to obtain cyclist and pedestrian exposure to PMx and NOx. Pedestrian activities in the urban anthroposphere include walking and running. The computational experiments take place in a computer-generated urban canyon, subject to emissions from diesel and gasoline Euro 5 and Euro 6 vehicular technologies, in continuous and stop-and-go traffic scenarios, and three wind directions at two speeds. The exposure time in the computational domain of slow and fast pedestrians were obtained. Slow pedestrians had exposure times around 17% more than fast pedestrians due to their higher sidewalk residence time. Runners and cyclists decreased their exposures by 57% and 73% respectively compared with walkers. Two traffic scenarios are implemented: one due the presence of a hump and another without a hump. The presence of the hump, increased exposure and fuel consumption by 60% per heavy duty vehicle, about 44-48% per light duty vehicle and about 54-71% per passenger car. Vehicular technology had a large influence on exposure: Heavy duty-Euro 6 vehicle decreased 86% the exposure to PM2.5 and 66% to NOX with respect to Euro 5. The proposed computational system provides information on how wind velocity influenced the inhomogeneous pollutant distribution in the street-canyon, causing exposure to be dependent on pedestrian route location. Microscale sidewalk areas in the order of meters containing higher concentrations were thus located. The cleanest routes in the urban canyon were identified. When the wind intensity doubled from 2 to 4 m s-1, exposure concentration decreased around 45%. The proposed system provides a computational platform to study urban atmospheric fluids, scenarios such as pedestrian routes, vehicular technologies, traffic velocities, meteorological conditions and urban morphology affecting pollution exposure.

Keywords

Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, Hydrodynamics, Humans, Environmental Exposure, Pedestrians, Vehicle Emissions

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
10
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
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