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Left recursion in Parsing Expression Grammars

العودية اليسرى في تحليل قواعد التعبير
Authors: Sérgio Queiroz de Medeiros; Fabio Mascarenhas; Roberto Ierusalimschy;

Left recursion in Parsing Expression Grammars

Abstract

Las gramáticas de expresión de análisis (PEG) son un formalismo que puede describir todos los lenguajes libres de contexto deterministas a través de un conjunto de reglas que especifican un analizador de arriba hacia abajo para algún lenguaje. Los PEG son fáciles de usar y hay implementaciones eficientes de bibliotecas de PEG en varios lenguajes de programación. Una característica que se pierde con frecuencia en los PEG es la recursión a la izquierda, que se utiliza comúnmente en las gramáticas libres de contexto (CFG) para codificar las operaciones asociativas a la izquierda. Presentamos una simple extensión conservadora de la semántica de los PEG que da un significado útil a las reglas recursivas a la izquierda directas e indirectas, y mostramos que nuestras extensiones facilitan la expresión de expresiones idiomáticas recursivas a la izquierda de los CFG en los PEG, con resultados similares. Demostramos el carácter conservador de estas extensiones, y también demostramos que funcionan con cualquier CLAVIJA recursiva a la izquierda.

L'analyse des grammaires d'expression (PEG) est un formalisme qui peut décrire tous les langages déterministes sans contexte à travers un ensemble de règles qui spécifient un analyseur descendant pour certains langages. Les PEG sont faciles à utiliser et il existe des implémentations efficaces de bibliothèques PEG dans plusieurs langages de programmation. Une caractéristique souvent manquée des PEG est la récursivité à gauche, qui est couramment utilisée dans les grammaires sans contexte (CFG) pour coder les opérations associatives à gauche. Nous présentons une simple extension conservatrice à la sémantique des PEG qui donne un sens utile aux règles récursives de gauche directes et indirectes, et montrons que nos extensions facilitent l'expression des idiomes récursifs de gauche des CFG dans les PEG, avec des résultats similaires. Nous prouvons la conservativité de ces extensions, et prouvons également qu'elles fonctionnent avec n'importe quelle CHEVILLE gauche récursive.

Parsing Expression Grammars (PEGs) are a formalism that can describe all deterministic context-free languages through a set of rules that specify a top-down parser for some language. PEGs are easy to use, and there are efficient implementations of PEG libraries in several programming languages. A frequently missed feature of PEGs is left recursion, which is commonly used in Context-Free Grammars (CFGs) to encode left-associative operations. We present a simple conservative extension to the semantics of PEGs that gives useful meaning to direct and indirect left-recursive rules, and show that our extensions make it easy to express left-recursive idioms from CFGs in PEGs, with similar results. We prove the conservativeness of these extensions, and also prove that they work with any left-recursive PEG.

تحليل قواعد التعبير (PEGs) هي شكلية يمكن أن تصف جميع اللغات الحتمية الخالية من السياق من خلال مجموعة من القواعد التي تحدد محللًا من أعلى إلى أسفل لبعض اللغات. PEGs سهلة الاستخدام، وهناك تطبيقات فعالة لمكتبات PEG في العديد من لغات البرمجة. تتمثل إحدى الميزات التي يتم إغفالها بشكل متكرر في PEGs في العودية اليسرى، والتي تُستخدم بشكل شائع في القواعد النحوية الخالية من السياق (CFGs) لتشفير العمليات الترابطية اليسرى. نقدم امتدادًا محافظًا بسيطًا لدلالات PEGs التي تعطي معنى مفيدًا للقواعد التكرارية اليسرى المباشرة وغير المباشرة، وتوضح أن امتداداتنا تسهل التعبير عن المصطلحات التكرارية اليسرى من CFGs في PEGs، مع نتائج مماثلة. نثبت تحفظ هذه الامتدادات، ونثبت أيضًا أنها تعمل مع أي ربط متكرر لليسار.

Country
Brazil
Keywords

FOS: Computer and information sciences, Artificial intelligence, Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL), Abstract Interpretation, Computer Science - Formal Languages and Automata Theory, Recursion (computer science), L-attributed grammar, Theoretical computer science, Artificial Intelligence, Programming Language Semantics, Context-free grammar, Left recursion, Parsing, Parsing machine, Statistical Machine Translation and Natural Language Processing, Computer science, Rule-based machine translation, 004, Language Modeling, Programming language, Computational Theory and Mathematics, Parsing Expression Grammars, Packrat parsing, Dependency Parsing, Computer Science, Physical Sciences, Context-sensitive grammar, Program Analysis and Verification Techniques, Formal Methods in Software Verification and Control

  • BIP!
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    citations
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    19
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Top 10%
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
19
Top 10%
Top 10%
Average
Green
hybrid