Medical journals are extremely important source of informa-tion for medical professionals, patients and policy makers. Itis, therefore, crucial that any information, and publications,in these journals are reliable and trustworthy. It is now wellunderstood that conflicts of interest (COI) can damage thecredibility of a publication and/or a journal, and have farreaching consequences of undermining the trust of the read-ers in medical publications. In this editorial, I will aim toaddress some important issues related to the COI of medicaljournals. In particular, I will deal with the definition and typesof COI, and the recommended practices of how these shouldbe managed.In medical publishing, all the parties concerned with thepublication of a particular article can have COI. These includeresearchers, authors, reviewers, members of editorial board,editorial staffandeditors.Inaddition,thejournal,thesourcesof funding for the journal, and the professional society ororganization to which the journal belongs may all have COI.The Institute of Medicine has defined COI as “a set of cir-cumstances that creates a risk that professional judgementor actions regarding a primary interest will be unduly influ-enced by a secondary interest”.