This paper focuses on three interconnected issues: lithic technology, geochronology and climate change, based on rock varnish proxies, and artifact reclamation processes. Ongoing research along the western the semiarid slope of Cumbres Calchaquies–Aconquija ranges and centered in the Amaicha del Valle archaeological locality has focused on lithic surface scatters. These are the product of multiple behavioral events, an accretion phenomena, a palimpsest, areas that were repetitively visited, used, and occupied over the long run for procurement of lithic raw material, manufacture of diverse types of artifacts, and specific activities. Research results suggest, based on typological analysis of lithic surface scatters, a multi-component occupation that may have included site-specific activities. Based on rock varnish microlaminations (VML) studies, a correlation-dating technique that is a reliable time-clock for establishing chronological control, human occupation was already in place prior to 6500–5900 years. Further, rock varnish carries a past climate signal, indicating eight regional wet events for the last 7000 years, four of which are mid-Holocene. Rock varnish differential formation on rocks and artifacts provide additional insights into the occupational dynamics and functionality of sites.