Abstract Archaeological studies in Southern Brazil indicate a long term adaptive relationship between hunter-gatherers and the Atlantic Forest Biome, Its presence since the Pleistocene–Holocene transition contributed to the initial settlement of this region. Throughout the Holocene, most of the captured vertebrates belong to forest habitats. The lithic industry features point to a stabilized technological pattern, suggesting a model of social organization characterized by a high degree of social interaction, regulated by strategies of frequent residential mobility in a large regional territory.