AbstractAnalyzing and improving the productivity of labor-intensive manufacturing and assembly operations remains a crucial task for industrial companies. Because of the heterogeneous causes for productivity losses, the analysis requires a comprehensive data acquisition and evaluation. With this paper we introduce a state-oriented approach providing the possibility to identify and prioritize the different impacts on labor productivity for subsequent process enhancements. With a case study, we show how to visualize and evaluate state data of an assembly cell to establish a goal-oriented improvement process.