Ascorbate peroxidases (APX, EC 1.1.11.1) are class I heme-peroxidases, which catalyze the conversion of H(2)O(2) into H(2)O, using ascorbate as a specific electron donor. Previously, the presence of eight Apx genes was identified in the nuclear genome of rice (Oryza sativa), encoding isoforms that are located in different sub-cellular compartments. Herein, the generation of rice transgenic plants silenced for either both or each one of the cytosolic Apx1 and Apx2 genes was carried out in order to investigate the importance of cytosolic Apx isoforms on plant development and on plant stress responses. Transgenic double Apx1/2-silenced plants exhibited normal development, even though these plants showed a global reduction of Apx activity which strongly impacts the whole antioxidant system regulation. Apx1/2-silenced plants also showed increased H(2)O(2) accumulation under control and stress situations and presented higher tolerance to toxic concentration of aluminum when compared to wild type plants. On the other hand, silencing OsApx1 and OsApx2 genes individually resulted in strong effect on plant development producing semi-dwarf phenotype. These results suggested that the double silencing of cytosolic OsApx genes induced compensatory antioxidant mechanisms in rice while single knockdown of these genes did not, which resulted in the impairing of normal plant development.