We review the observational properties of the class of young neutron stars known as "anomalous X-ray pulsars," emphasizing the tremendous progress that has been made in recent years, and explain why these objects, like the "soft gamma repeaters," are today thought to be young, isolated, ultrahigh magnetic field neutron stars, or "magnetars."

10 pages, 5 figures. To appear in Proc. of the BeppoSAX Symposium: "The Restless High-Energy Universe," Eds. E.P.J. van den Heuvel, J.J.M. in't Zand, and R.A.M.J. Wijers