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Neurología
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Neurología
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Neurología
Article . 2012
License: Elsevier Non-Commercial
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Neuropsicología y anorexia nerviosa. Hallazgos cognitivos y radiológicos

Authors: R. Espert Tortajada; L. Rojo Moreno; J. Oltra Cucarella;

Neuropsicología y anorexia nerviosa. Hallazgos cognitivos y radiológicos

Abstract

Resumen: Introducción: El estudio de las alteraciones neuropsicológicas halladas en pacientes diagnosticadas de anorexia nerviosa (AN) ha experimentado, a través de las últimas décadas, un espectacular avance proporcionando un amplio campo de conocimientos acerca de los cambios observados en la morfología cerebral y las capacidades cognitivas, así como de la reversibilidad o estabilidad de estos, conformando un perfil de alteración neuropsicológico característico de este trastorno de la conducta alimentaria. Desarrollo: Se presenta una revisión actualizada hasta diciembre de 2010 de los resultados obtenidos en la literatura acerca de las alteraciones, tanto de la morfología cerebral como de las capacidades neuropsicológicas, aportando un marco actualizado de comprensión e intervención para futuras investigaciones. Conclusiones: Las conclusiones de los estudios realizados hasta la fecha muestran cambios cerebrales a nivel estructural y funcional en pacientes diagnosticadas de AN sugiriendo, en contra de las teorías iniciales, que no se producen de manera posterior al comienzo de la enfermedad, sino que están a la base del desarrollo del trastorno y suponen una predisposición para desarrollar sintomatología anoréxica. Asimismo, los estudios más recientes parecen mostrar una red neuropsicológica característica en la AN, que implicaría alteraciones predominantemente de las habilidades del córtex prefrontal, en línea con el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo, y del córtex parietal derecho, otorgándole un papel fundamental para la comprensión de la aparición y el desarrollo de las alteraciones neuropsicológicas en pacientes AN a las capacidades neuropsicológicas relacionadas con las áreas cerebrales alteradas, y que modifican por completo las teorías clásicas acerca de la AN. Abstract: Introduction: Research into neuropsychological impairments present in the patients suffering from anorexia nervosa (AN) has advanced considerably, in the past decades. It now provides neuropsychologists with a wide field of knowledge of the changes found in the cerebral and cognitive capabilities of these patients, as well as their reversible or static features, thereby yielding a characteristic profile of neuropsychological impairment in AN. Development: We present a review updated to December 2010 of the results delivered by studies of both morphological and cognitive changes, providing us with an updated theoretical and practical framework for conducting future research. Conclusions: The studies to date show morphological and functional cerebral changes in the patients diagnosed with AN, but have yet to clarify whether these changes occur after the onset of the disease or if, as more recent research shows, they are one of its causes and could be the basis for a tendency toward developing anorexic symptomatology. Later studies show a neuropsychological network with impairments in the prefrontal and right parietal cortices as a characteristic feature, meaning that those capacities and their related cerebral areas would play major role in the onset and development of the illness. These studies have completely changed classic theories about AN. Palabras clave: Alteraciones cognitivas, Anorexia nerviosa, Cambios cerebrales, Córtex frontal, Córtex parietal, Neuropsicología, Red neuropsicológica, Keywords: Anorexia nervosa, Cerebral changes, Cognitive impairment, Frontal cortex, Neuropsychology, Neuropsychological network, Parietal cortex

Keywords

Clinical Neurology, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
11
Average
Average
Average
gold