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European Journal of Molecular and Clinical Medicine
Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
License: Elsevier TDM
Data sources: Crossref
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Alphavirus Infection of the CNS: Entry, Dissemination, and Neurodegeneration

Authors: Phillips AT; Rico AB; Aboellail TA; Olson KE;

Alphavirus Infection of the CNS: Entry, Dissemination, and Neurodegeneration

Abstract

Alphaviruses most often associated with neuroinvasive disease are limited to the Americas and include strains of EEEV, VEEV, and WEEV. The process of alphavirus entry into the CNS of infected vertebrates following challenge is not well-understood. It is thought that virus entry into the CNS depends on the inoculation route. It is well-established that olfactory sensory neurons provide access to the CNS following challenge with airborne virus. However, less knowledge is available regarding virus entry into the CNS following peripheral, non-olfactory infection, which appears to rely on some form of hematogenous spread. We sought to determine the precise route of CNS entry following footpad inoculation by using a combination of in vivo/ex vivo bioluminescence imaging and traditional histological examination methods. We found a consistent pattern in the spatiotemporal distribution of virus among the imaged brains, none of which involved the olfactory bulb. Extending these studies by performing histological analysis on the imaged tissues, led to the finding that CNS entry by WEEV likely occurs in areas of the CNS where the blood-brain barrier is naturally absent. These areas include the hypothalamus, the subfornical organ, the pineal gland, and the area postrema. Importantly, these results reveal a previously unrecognized method of alphavirus entry into the CNS.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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