Abstract Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is one of the most popular solid based 3D printing technology. Unlike conventional manufacturing techniques where waste is generated in significant amount and difficult to produce parts onsite, FFF technology generate non-significant amount of waste and it is one of the non-toxic, not smelly and environmentally safe desktop prototyping facility which also increases the efficiency of renewable energy. However, in previously published literature, most researchers are exploring the area of process parameter improvement of FFF printers so that parts could be printed with better surface finish and improved mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. Another widely explored area is finding alternative materials or developing new materials as feed in FFF based 3D printers. Developing 3D printed parts for application in medical industry like – prosthetic development, tissue engineering, dental parts, etc., is also on focus of many researchers. Development of extruder system and nozzle has been also explored by many of them. Although most used solid based 3D printers are FFF based printers, and also, their design and software are open source, but design and assembly of FFF 3D printers is very less discussed by researchers. The aim of this study is to discuss the various parts design and their assembly used in FFF 3D printers. In realizing this theoretical and technical detail of various mechanical and electronics accessories or components along with software requirements of FFF 3D printers are provided. This paper also focusses the proper working of FFF 3D printer and future directions to reduce energy requirements by providing suitable and feasible integration of pallet and filament operated solid based 3D printing technologies.