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Mathematics and Computers in Simulation
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
License: Elsevier TDM
Data sources: Crossref
DBLP
Article . 2025
Data sources: DBLP
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Mitigating negative effects of EBHSV-infected eastern cottontail invasion in Italy using Z-type control on a four-population system

Authors: Acotto, Francesca; Camattari, Fabiana; Venturino, Ezio;

Mitigating negative effects of EBHSV-infected eastern cottontail invasion in Italy using Z-type control on a four-population system

Abstract

The introduction in Italy of eastern cottontails (Sylvilagus floridanus) for hunting purposes has influenced the local predator-prey dynamics of the red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and native European hares (Lepus europaeus). Although no direct competition seems to occur between the two lagomorphs, the cottontail invasion damages the indigenous hare population. Indeed, the invasive lagomorphs cause hyperpredation of red foxes on native hares and are also carriers of viruses and parasites. This paper focuses on the situation in which EBHSV-infected eastern cottontails are introduced in a region of virus-free European hares. To avoid the extinction of native lagomorphs and to contain the invasive ones, we look at two possible biological control actions using the Z-type control method on a four-population reference system. In particular, we consider an indirect control of the invasive prey acting on predators and a combination of this indirect control with direct control on native prey. The corresponding Z-controlled models are investigated analytically and numerically. In both cases, the Z-type control significantly reduces the number of equilibria and the convergence of the cottontail population to the desired state is ensured. The hare survival, instead, is guaranteed only in the second case. Overall, mathematically speaking, the second Z-type control action seems the best solution. However, in the cases in which the indirect control on cottontails allows the native prey survival, this control may be preferable since it involves only one control function and seems more practicable. In any case, in the choice of control action, ecosystem managers need to consider each specific situation, taking into account various elements from a biological and practical point of view.

Country
Italy
Keywords

biological control; eastern cottontail; EBHSV transmission; European hare; healthy prey importation; hyperpredation effect; invasion management; predator removal; red fox; Z-type control method

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
2
Top 10%
Average
Average
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