Abstract This article presents energy policies in the Baltic Sea Region from a sustainability aspect as well as a security of supply perspective. Energy security is a multi-dimensional concept, including issues such as security, economic, technological, social, political and environmental risk factors. EU involvement and coordination in the region are met by caution among member states, Russia and other actors. National interests differ; some macro-regional groups focus on the environmental aspect, e.g. renewables in line with the climate goals, while others are more into security of supply, affordability and energy access. The EU competence in energy policy is diffuse, according to this multi-level governance study.