
arXiv: math/0608623
Let $V$ denote a vector space with finite positive dimension. We consider a pair of linear transformations $A : V \to V$ and $A^* : V \to V$ that satisfy (i) and (ii) below: (i) There exists a basis for $V$ with respect to which the matrix representing $A$ is irreducible tridiagonal and the matrix representing $A^*$ is diagonal. (ii) There exists a basis for $V$ with respect to which the matrix representing $A^*$ is irreducible tridiagonal and the matrix representing $A$ is diagonal. We call such a pair a {\em Leonard pair} on $V$. Let $v_0,v_1,...,v_d$ (resp. $w_0,w_1,...,w_d$) denote a basis for $V$ referred to in (i) (resp. (ii)). We show that there exists a unique linear transformation $S: V \to V$ that sends $v_0$ to a scalar multiple of $v_d$, fixes $w_0$, and sends $w_i$ to a scalar multiple of $w_i$ for $1 \leq i \leq d$. We call $S$ the {\it switching element}. We describe $S$ from many points of view.
29 pages
Numerical Analysis, Basic orthogonal polynomials and functions (Askey-Wilson polynomials, etc.), Algebra and Number Theory, tridiagonal pair, \(q\)-Racah polynomial, Orthogonal polynomial, Mathematics - Rings and Algebras, orthogonal polynomial, Tridiagonal pair, Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.), 05E35, Rings and Algebras (math.RA), Leonard pair, FOS: Mathematics, q-Racah polynomial, Association schemes, strongly regular graphs, Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics, Mathematics - Combinatorics, Geometry and Topology, Combinatorics (math.CO), Orthogonal polynomials (combinatorics)
Numerical Analysis, Basic orthogonal polynomials and functions (Askey-Wilson polynomials, etc.), Algebra and Number Theory, tridiagonal pair, \(q\)-Racah polynomial, Orthogonal polynomial, Mathematics - Rings and Algebras, orthogonal polynomial, Tridiagonal pair, Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.), 05E35, Rings and Algebras (math.RA), Leonard pair, FOS: Mathematics, q-Racah polynomial, Association schemes, strongly regular graphs, Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics, Mathematics - Combinatorics, Geometry and Topology, Combinatorics (math.CO), Orthogonal polynomials (combinatorics)
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