
The \(QR\) decomposition of a nonsingular \(X\in\mathbb{C}_{n\times n}\) asserts that \(X=QR\), where \(Q\in\mathbb{C}_{n\times n}\) is unitary and \(R\in\mathbb{C}_{n\times n}\) is upper triangular with positive diagonal entries, and the decomposition is unique. Given a matrix \(A\in\mathbb{C}_{n\times n}\), let \(A(i| j)\) denote the submatrix formed by the first \(i\) rows and the first \(j\) columns of \(A\), \(1\leq i,j\leq n\). For \(A,B,X\in\mathrm{GL}_n(\mathbb{C})\), the authors prove the following theorem. Let \(X=Y^{-1}DY\) be the Jordan decomposition of \(X\), where \(D\) is the Jordan form of \(X\), \(\mathrm{diag}\,D=\mathrm{diag}(\lambda_1, \dots, \lambda_n)\) satisfying \(| \lambda_1| \geq\cdots\geq| \lambda_n| \). Then \(\lim_{m\rightarrow\infty}\,a(AX^mB)^{1/m}=\mathrm{diag}(| \lambda_{\omega(1)}| ,\dots,| \lambda_{\omega(n)}| )\), where the permutation \(\omega\) is uniquely determined by \(YB\); also \(\mathrm{rank}\,\omega(i| j)=\mathrm{rank}(YB)(i| j)\) for \(1\leq i,j\leq n\). Further, let \(R_m=[r_{ij}^{(m)}]_{n\times n}\) in the \(QR\) decomposition of \(AX^mB=Q_mR_m\). Then \[ \overline{\lim}_{m\rightarrow\infty}\,| r_{ij}^{(m)}| ^{1/m}\leq\max_{i\leq k\leq j}\{| \lambda_{\omega(k)}| \}=| \lambda_{\min_{i\leq k\leq j}\omega(k)}| ,\quad 1\leq i\leq j\leq n. \]
matrix powers, Numerical Analysis, Eigenvalues, singular values, and eigenvectors, Algebra and Number Theory, Canonical forms, reductions, classification, eigenvalues, Eigenvalues, Jordan decomposition, Jordan form, Factorization of matrices, QR decomposition, Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics, Geometry and Topology
matrix powers, Numerical Analysis, Eigenvalues, singular values, and eigenvectors, Algebra and Number Theory, Canonical forms, reductions, classification, eigenvalues, Eigenvalues, Jordan decomposition, Jordan form, Factorization of matrices, QR decomposition, Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics, Geometry and Topology
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