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Journal of Number Theory
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Journal of Number Theory
Article . 2012
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Article . 2012
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Linear forms at a basis of an algebraic number field

Authors: de Mathan, Bernard;

Linear forms at a basis of an algebraic number field

Abstract

For a real number \(x\), let us denote \(\|x\|\) the distance between \(x\) and the nearest integer. \textit{Littlewood conjecture} asserts that: \textit{for any real numbers \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\), one has \[ \inf_{q>0} q\|q\alpha\|\|q\beta\|=0, \] where \(q\) runs through the positive integers.} The \textit{dual form} of Littlewood conjecture is : \textit{for any real numbers \((\alpha_1,\dots,\alpha_n)\) one has \[ \inf_{x_1,\dots,x_n}\max\{|x_1|,1\}\dots\max\{|x_n|,1\}\|x_1\alpha_1+\dots+x_n\alpha_n\|=0. \] } It was proved by \textit{J. W. S. Cassels} and \textit{H. P. F. Swinnerton-Dyer} [ ``On the product of three homogeneous linear forms and indefinite ternary quadratic forms'', Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. A 248, 73--96 (1955; Zbl 0065.27905)] that the Littlewood conjecture holds for any pair of numbers in a cubic field. Later, this result was generalized by \textit{L. G. Peck} [``Simultaneous rational approximations to algebraic numbers'', Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 67, 197--201 (1961; Zbl 0098.26302)] to a basis \((1,\alpha_1,\dots,\alpha_n)\) of a real algebraic number field of degree at least \(3\). This result provides some case of the dual form of the Littlewood conjecture. By a generalization of Peck's method, the author finds another case and, using Baker's estimates for linear forms in logarithms of algebraic numbers [\textit{A. Baker}, ``A sharpening of the bounds for linear forms in logarithms'', Acta Arith. 21, 117--129 (1972; Zbl 0244.10031)], he discusses whether this result is best possible. More precisely, by an inhomogeneous version of Peck method, he proves: Let \((1,\alpha_1,\dots,\alpha_n)\) be a basis of a real algebraic number field \(E\) of degree \(n+1\geq 3\) over \(\mathbb Q\). Then there exist infinitely many positive integers \(M\) for which there are integers \(x_0,\dots,x_n\), not all zero, such that \(\max_{\;0\leq i\leq n}|x_i|=M\), \(|x_n|=o(M)\) and \(|x_0+x_1\alpha_1+\dots+x_n\alpha_n|\ll M^{-n}\). In the case \(n=2\), the author improves to: Let \((1,\alpha_1,\alpha_2)\) be a basis of a real cubic field \(E\) over \(\mathbb Q\). Then there exists a positive real constant \(\kappa\) for which there are arbitrarily large integers \(M\), and non-zero integers \(x_0,x_1x_2\) with \(\max\{|x_0|, |x_1|, |x_2|\}=M\), \(|x_2|\ll M\log\;M^{-\kappa}\) and \(|x_0+x_1\alpha_1+x_2\alpha_2|\ll M^{-2}\). In relation with the dual form of Schmidt's theorem [\textit{W. M. Schmidt}, ``Approximation to algebraic numbers'', Enseign. Math., II. Sér. 17, 187--253 (1971; Zbl 0226.10033)], he proves: Assume that \((1,\alpha_1,\dots,\alpha_n)\) is a basis of an algebraic number field \(E\), with \(n\geq 2\). If \(\mathcal S\) is an infinite set of \((n+1)\)-tuples \((x_0,\dots,x_n)\in \mathbb Z^{n+1}\) satisfying \(|x_0+x_1\alpha_1+\dots+x_n\alpha_n|\ll M^{-n}\) and \(\max_{\;0\leq i\leq n}|x_i|=M\) with \(M\geq 2\), then there exists a positive real constant \(\lambda\) such that we have, for each \((x_0,\dots,x_n)\in\mathcal S\), \(\max_{\;2\leq i\leq n}|x_i|\gg M\log M^{-\lambda}\). Moreover if \(\mathbb Q(\alpha_1)\not=E\), then \(\max_{\;2\leq i\leq n} |x_i|\gg M\).

Related Organizations
Keywords

Algebra and Number Theory, Simultaneous homogeneous approximation, linear forms, Simultaneous Diophantine approximation, Simultaneous diophantine approximation, Littlewood conjecture, Linear forms in logarithms; Baker's method

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
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