
Let \(\bar{x}\) be the positive equilibrium of the difference equation \[ x_{n+1}=\frac{\alpha + \beta x_{n-1} + \gamma x_n}{A+ B x_{n-1} +C x_n},\quad n=0,1,2,\dots \] where the parameters, \(\alpha,~\beta,~\gamma,~A,~B,~C\), and the initial conditions, \(x_{-1},~x_0\), are nonnegative such that \(A+B+C>0\), \(\alpha+\beta+\gamma>0\), and the denominator is always positive. The author utilized an inclusion theorem due to \textit{L. Berg} [J. Difference Equ. Appl. 10, 399--408 (2004; Zbl 1056.39003), corrections ibid. 11, No. 2, 181--182 (2005; Zbl 1080.39002)] and proved that under the assumption \(B\bar{x}<\beta\) and \(C\bar{x}\geq \gamma\), the above difference equation possesses solutions with a single semicycle. This result confirms positively Conjectures 4.8.3 and 5.4.6 in the monograph [\textit{M. Kulenović} and \textit{G. Ladas}, Dynamics of second-order rational difference equations. With open problems and conjectures. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman and Hall/CRC (2002; Zbl 0981.39011)].
Approximate equation, Stability of difference equations, Multiplicative and other generalized difference equations, Applied Mathematics, Inclusion theorem, Rational difference equation, rational difference equations, inclusion theorem, Analysis, approximate equation
Approximate equation, Stability of difference equations, Multiplicative and other generalized difference equations, Applied Mathematics, Inclusion theorem, Rational difference equation, rational difference equations, inclusion theorem, Analysis, approximate equation
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