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Existence of solutions with a single semicycle for a general second-order rational difference equation

Authors: Li, Xianyi;

Existence of solutions with a single semicycle for a general second-order rational difference equation

Abstract

Let \(\bar{x}\) be the positive equilibrium of the difference equation \[ x_{n+1}=\frac{\alpha + \beta x_{n-1} + \gamma x_n}{A+ B x_{n-1} +C x_n},\quad n=0,1,2,\dots \] where the parameters, \(\alpha,~\beta,~\gamma,~A,~B,~C\), and the initial conditions, \(x_{-1},~x_0\), are nonnegative such that \(A+B+C>0\), \(\alpha+\beta+\gamma>0\), and the denominator is always positive. The author utilized an inclusion theorem due to \textit{L. Berg} [J. Difference Equ. Appl. 10, 399--408 (2004; Zbl 1056.39003), corrections ibid. 11, No. 2, 181--182 (2005; Zbl 1080.39002)] and proved that under the assumption \(B\bar{x}<\beta\) and \(C\bar{x}\geq \gamma\), the above difference equation possesses solutions with a single semicycle. This result confirms positively Conjectures 4.8.3 and 5.4.6 in the monograph [\textit{M. Kulenović} and \textit{G. Ladas}, Dynamics of second-order rational difference equations. With open problems and conjectures. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman and Hall/CRC (2002; Zbl 0981.39011)].

Related Organizations
Keywords

Approximate equation, Stability of difference equations, Multiplicative and other generalized difference equations, Applied Mathematics, Inclusion theorem, Rational difference equation, rational difference equations, inclusion theorem, Analysis, approximate equation

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
3
Average
Top 10%
Average
hybrid