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On some properties of digamma and polygamma functions

Authors: Batir, Necdet;

On some properties of digamma and polygamma functions

Abstract

The author proves some interesting inequalities involving the logarithmic derivative of the gamma function \(\psi(x)=\frac{\Gamma^{\prime}(x)}{\Gamma(x)}\), and its derivatives \(\psi_{n}(x)=\psi^{(n)}(x),\;n=1,2,3,\ldots\), known as polygamma functions. In particular, the author proves the following inequalities: For all positive integers \(n\) and positive real numbers \(x>0\), we have \[ (n-1)!\exp\big(-n\psi(x+1/2)\big)(-1)^{n-1}n\psi_{n}(x+1)\Bigg(1-\Big(\frac{\psi_{n}(x+1)}{\psi_{n}(x)}\Big)^{1/n}\Bigg). \] \[ (n!)^{\frac{1}{n+1}}[x-(x^{-1/n}+\alpha)^{-n}]^{-\frac{1}{n+1}}<\big((-1)^{n-1}\psi_{n}\big)^{-1}(x) \] \[ < (n!)^{\frac{1}{n+1}}[x-(x^{-1/n}+\beta)^{-n}]^{-\frac{1}{n+1}} \] where the constants \(\alpha=((n-1)!)^{-1/n}\) and \(\beta=(n!\zeta(n+1))^{-1/n}\) are best possible. \[ -\gamma+x\psi^{\prime}(x/2)<\psi(x+1)<-\gamma+x\psi^{\prime}(\sqrt{x+1}-1), \] where \(\gamma\) is Euler's constant. Finally, the author proves that for all positive integers \(n\) and positive real numbers \(x,y\), we have \[ (-1)^{n}\psi^{(n+1)}\Big(\frac{x+y}{2}\Big)<\frac{(-1)^{n}(\psi^{(n)}(x)-\psi^{(n)}(y))}{x-y}<(-1)^{n}\psi^{(n+1)}\big(S_{-(n+1)}(x,y)\big), \] where for \(p\in \mathbb{R}\) \[ S_{p}(a,b)=\Big(\frac{a^{p}-b^{p}}{p(a-b)}\Big)^{1/(p-1)} \] is Stolarsky's mean of \(a,b\). \[ \alpha-\log(e^{1/x}-1)<\psi(x)<\beta-\log(e^{1/x}-1), \] where the constants \(\alpha=-\gamma\) and \(\beta=0\) are best possible.

Country
Turkey
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Keywords

Other analytical inequalities, Polygamma functions, Inverse polygamma functions, Applied Mathematics, Inequalities involving derivatives and differential and integral operators, complete monotonicity, Complete monotonicity, inequalities, Digamma function, polygamma functions, Gautschi inequality, Inequalities for sums, series and integrals, digamma function, Inequalities involving other types of functions, Riemann zeta-function and gamma function, Gamma, beta and polygamma functions, Analysis

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
47
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
hybrid