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Analytic hypoellipticity in the presence of nonsymplectic characteristic points

Authors: BOVE, ANTONIO; Makhlouf Derridj; David S. Tartakoff;

Analytic hypoellipticity in the presence of nonsymplectic characteristic points

Abstract

This paper deals with analytic hypoellipticity in the sense of germs of several classes of linear partial differential equations. Recently, N. Hanges proved that the operator in \(\mathbb{R}^3\): \[ P=\partial^2_t+ t^2\Delta_x+ \partial^2_{\theta(x)},\;\partial_{\theta(x)}= x_1{\partial\over\partial x_2}- x_2{\partial\over\partial x_1}, \] is analytic hypoelliptic in the sense of germs at \(O\), but it fails to be analytic hypelliptic ``in the strong sense'' in any neighbourhood of \(O\) (i.e., there is no neighbourhood \(U\) of \(O\) such that for every open \(V\subset U\) and distribution \(u\) in \(U\), \(Pu\) analytic in \(V\) implies that \(u\) is analytic in \(V\)). The authors give at first a short \(L_2\) proof of this result and then generalize it for larger classes of operators with nonsymplectic characteristic varieties of the type \[ P_2= \Delta_t+ |t|^2\sum^k_{i,j=1} a_{ij} X_i X_j+ \sum^s_{i,j=1} b_{ij} Y_i Y_j. \] Thus, they prove that if \(Pu\) is analytic in some neighbourhood of \(O\) then so is \(u\) in a possibly smaller neighbourhood of \(O\). It is well known that \(P_2\) propagates the analytic wave front set along the Hamilton leaves of the characteristic manifold, but one may have analytic hypoellipticity in open sets of a certain geometry relative to \(P_2\).

Country
Italy
Keywords

Hanges example, Hypoelliptic equations, analytic hypoellipticity, hypoellipticity, Hanges' example, strict sense, Symplectic Treves' conjecture, Singularity in context of PDEs, Hypoellipticity, Analytic singularities, Analytic hypoellipticity, Strict sense, symplectic Treves conjecture, Analysis, analytic singularities

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
4
Average
Top 10%
Average
Green
hybrid