
AbstractIt was conjectured by Kronk and Mitchem in 1973 that simple plane graphs of maximum degree Δ are entirely (Δ+4)-colourable, i.e., the vertices, edges, and faces of a simple plane graph may be simultaneously coloured with Δ+4 colours in such a way that adjacent or incident elements are coloured by distinct colours. Before this paper, the conjecture has been confirmed for Δ⩽3 and Δ⩾6 (the proof for the Δ=6 case has a correctable error). In this paper, we settle the whole conjecture in the positive. We prove that if G is a plane graph with maximum degree 4 (parallel edges allowed), then G is entirely 8-colourable. If G is a plane graph with maximum degree 5 (parallel edges allowed), then G is entirely 9-colourable.
Computational Theory and Mathematics, Vertex–edge–face colouring, Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics, Entire colouring, Plane graph, Theoretical Computer Science
Computational Theory and Mathematics, Vertex–edge–face colouring, Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics, Entire colouring, Plane graph, Theoretical Computer Science
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