The efficacy and action mechanism of everolimus in the treatment of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) was analyzed. Disease was induced in B10.RIII mice by immunization with human interphotoreceptor-retinoid-binding protein peptide 161-180 (hIRBPp161-180). Everolimus was administered by oral gavage (5 mg/kg/d) beginning either two days before or 14 days after immunization. Everolimus significantly reduced the histopathological uveitis score compared to sham-treated mice. To examine the effect on the antigen-specific immune response, proliferation ([(3)H]-thymidine test) and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response were measured. Furthermore, content of T-helper-1, -2, and -17 cytokines were analyzed intraocularly (Bead Array) and in cell culture supernatants from splenocytes (sandwich ELISA). To study the effect on the humoral immune response the presence of antigen-specific serum antibodies was tested (indirect ELISA). The DTH, the humoral immune response, the proliferation of splenocytes and the intraocular Th1, Th2, Th17 cytokine content and in vitro production of Th1 and Th17 cytokines were impaired after everolimus treatment. The study of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (T(reg)) in peripheral blood, draining lymph nodes, and spleen by flow cytometry showed an increased number of splenic T(reg) in mice of the everolimus therapy group. Furthermore the T(reg) of these mice had a higher suppressive capacity than cells from sham-treated mice. These results indicate that the immunosuppressive effect of everolimus on EAU was associated with the suppression of pathogenic effector responses and induction of regulatory T cells.