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Computational Statistics & Data Analysis
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Computational Statistics & Data Analysis
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Location-adjusted Wald statistics for scalar parameters

Authors: Claudia Di Caterina; Ioannis Kosmidis;

Location-adjusted Wald statistics for scalar parameters

Abstract

Inference about a scalar parameter of interest is a core statistical task that has attracted immense research in statistics. The Wald statistic is a prime candidate for the task, on the grounds of the asymptotic validity of the standard normal approximation to its finite-sample distribution, simplicity and low computational cost. It is well known, though, that this normal approximation can be inadequate, especially when the sample size is small or moderate relative to the number of parameters. A novel, algebraic adjustment to the Wald statistic is proposed, delivering significant improvements in inferential performance with only small implementation and computational overhead, predominantly due to additional matrix multiplications. The Wald statistic is viewed as an estimate of a transformation of the model parameters and is appropriately adjusted, using either maximum likelihood or reduced-bias estimators, bringing its expectation asymptotically closer to zero. The location adjustment depends on the expected information, an approximation to the bias of the estimator, and the derivatives of the transformation, which are all either readily available or easily obtainable in standard software for a wealth of models. An algorithm for the implementation of the location-adjusted Wald statistics in general models is provided, as well as a bootstrap scheme for the further scale correction of the location-adjusted statistic. Ample analytical and numerical evidence is presented for the adoption of the location-adjusted statistic in prominent modelling settings, including inference about log-odds and binomial proportions, logistic regression in the presence of nuisance parameters, beta regression, and gamma regression. The location-adjusted Wald statistics are used for the construction of significance maps for the analysis of multiple sclerosis lesions from MRI data.

Country
Italy
Keywords

FOS: Computer and information sciences, Generalized linear models, Generalized linear models (logistic models), beta regression, Point estimation, Data separation, generalized linear models, Methodology (stat.ME), Bias reduction, Magnetic resonance imaging, data separation, bias reduction, Beta regression, magnetic resonance imaging, infinite estimates, Computational methods for problems pertaining to statistics, 62F05, 62F03, 62J02, 62J12, 62P10, Infinite estimates, Statistics - Methodology

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
3
Average
Average
Average
Green
hybrid