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Multisensory integration and motor resonance in the primary motor cortex

Authors: Serena Giurgola; Emanuele Lo Gerfo; Alessandro Farnè; Alice C. Roy; Nadia Bolognini;

Multisensory integration and motor resonance in the primary motor cortex

Abstract

Humans are endowed with a motor system that resonates to speech sounds, but whether concurrent visual information from lip movements can improve speech perception at a motor level through multisensory integration mechanisms remains unknown. Therefore, the aim of the study was to explore behavioral and neurophysiological correlates of multisensory influences on motor resonance in speech perception. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs), by single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) applied over the left lip muscle (orbicularis oris) representation in the primary motor cortex, were recorded in healthy participants during the presentation of syllables in unimodal (visual or auditory) or multisensory (audio-visual) congruent or incongruent conditions. At the behavioral level, subjects showed better syllable identification in the congruent audio-visual condition as compared to the unimodal conditions, hence showing a multisensory enhancement effect. Accordingly, at the neurophysiological level, increased MEPs amplitudes were found in the congruent audio-visual condition, as compared to the unimodal ones. Incongruent audio-visual syllables resulting in illusory percepts did not increase corticospinal excitability, which in fact was comparable to that induced by the real perception of the same syllable. In conclusion, seeing and hearing congruent bilabial syllables increases the excitability of the lip representation in the primary motor cortex, hence documenting that multisensory integration can facilitate speech processing by influencing motor resonance. These findings highlight the modulation role of multisensory processing showing that it can boost speech perception and that multisensory interactions occur not only within higher-order regions, but also within primary motor areas, as shown by corticospinal excitability changes.

Keywords

Male, Adult, 150, 610, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Young Adult, Speech, Humans, Electromyography, Multisensory, Motor Cortex, Evoked Potentials, Motor, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Corticospinal excitability, Acoustic Stimulation, Speech Perception, Visual Perception, Auditory Perception, Female, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, Corticospinal excitability; Motor resonance; Multisensory; Speech; Transcranial magnetic stimulation;, Motor resonance, Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Photic Stimulation

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
Average
Average
Green