Abstract The surgical prostheses used in hernia repair have only evolved since their conception and the industry is still expanding. The purpose of placement of a mesh is to restore the normal anatomy which will prevent recurrence without reducing abdominal wall compliance. The multitude of meshes are available in the market challenges the surgeons to choose the most appropriate mesh for a given hernia. This article reviews the different properties of meshes, the various types, their uses and complications thereby providing the surgeons with a complete knowledge of the most commonly used prosthesis.