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Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering
Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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On quadrature rules for solving Partial Differential Equations using Neural Networks

Authors: Rivera, Jon A.; Taylor, Jamie M.; Omella, Ángel J.; Pardo, David;

On quadrature rules for solving Partial Differential Equations using Neural Networks

Abstract

Neural Networks have been widely used to solve Partial Differential Equations. These methods require to approximate definite integrals using quadrature rules. Here, we illustrate via 1D numerical examples the quadrature problems that may arise in these applications and propose different alternatives to overcome them, namely: Monte Carlo methods, adaptive integration, polynomial approximations of the Neural Network output, and the inclusion of regularization terms in the loss. We also discuss the advantages and limitations of each proposed alternative. We advocate the use of Monte Carlo methods for high dimensions (above 3 or 4), and adaptive integration or polynomial approximations for low dimensions (3 or below). The use of regularization terms is a mathematically elegant alternative that is valid for any spacial dimension, however, it requires certain regularity assumptions on the solution and complex mathematical analysis when dealing with sophisticated Neural Networks.

Country
Spain
Keywords

Neural Networks, Least-Squares method, deep learning, Deep learning, least-squares method, Numerical Analysis (math.NA), Quadrature rules, neural networks, Ritz method, quadrature rules, FOS: Mathematics, Mathematics - Numerical Analysis

  • BIP!
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    citations
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    27
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Top 10%
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
27
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
Green
hybrid