There is no doubt that reproductive health matters: fertility and infertility clearly affect us as a society. Multidisciplinary teams are a key feature of assessing reproductive health and this special issue reflects that with contributions from both clinicians and laboratorians. The field of fertility is also among the best for using laboratory tests to guide diagnosis and treatment selection. Indeed, measurements of glycoproteins, hormones, and steroids are part of multiple decision algorithms for the diagnosis of hypogonadism, amenorrhea, hirsutism, and infertility. From brain to gonads, from hormones to cells, from immunoassays to mass spectrometry, the area of reproductive health is extremely broad and a fantastic source for multiple innovations. New biomarkers and development of assays with enhanced performance offer more perspectives for a better understanding of pathophysiological processes, identification of new therapeutic targets, and personalized care. [...]