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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Brain and Developmen...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
Brain and Development
Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
License: Elsevier TDM
Data sources: Crossref
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Treatment options in pediatric super-refractory status epilepticus

Authors: Palita, Arayakarnkul; Krisnachai, Chomtho;

Treatment options in pediatric super-refractory status epilepticus

Abstract

Super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) is a seizure that continues >24 h after anesthesia, or recurs on the reduction of anesthesia. SRSE is extremely difficult-to-control and associated with poor outcome. To date, optimal therapy and outcome data in children is limited.To assess etiology, treatment options and outcome in pediatric SRSE patients.We reviewed medical records of children <15 years old with SRSE during 2007-2017 at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. Demographic data, etiology, treatment, complications and discharge outcome were recorded.Seventeen patients, aged 1 month-13 years were included. The leading etiology was immune-mediated encephalitis (29.4%) and epilepsy (29.4%). The most common anesthetic agents were midazolam (94.1%) and propofol (52.9%) with the average maximal dose of 1.3 and 6.9 mg/kg/h respectively. Other treatments included immunological therapy (76.5%), ketogenic diet (76.5%), pyridoxine/pyridoxal-5-phosphate (70.5%). The most common complications were hypotension (61.5%), drug hypersensitivity (32.5%). Median length of anesthetic and intensive care were 9 and 23 days. The mortality rate was 17.6%, and 2 of 3 febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome cases died. At discharge, all survivors were seizure free.The majority of pediatric SRSE does not have epilepsy and the etiology is various. Treatment should expand from antiepileptic drugs to other modalities targeting different possible mechanisms such as immunomodulation or specific metabolic treatment. Multiple anesthetic drugs could be tolerated with close monitoring. Ketogenic diet, via enteral or parenteral route, could be considered early if requiring multiple anesthetic drugs. Initial outcome in children is relatively better than in adults.

Keywords

Male, Drug Resistant Epilepsy, Adolescent, Midazolam, Infant, Status Epilepticus, Treatment Outcome, Recurrence, Seizures, Child, Preschool, Encephalitis, Humans, Anticonvulsants, Female, Child, Diet, Ketogenic, Propofol, Retrospective Studies

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
26
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
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