Climatic water stress, such as droughts and warmer temperatures, may accelerate forest mortality. Increasesof frequency and intensity of drought events are predicted to increase in the monsoon Southeast Asia. Suchincreases could drive rapid and large-scale shifts in forest structure and species composition. Moreover, thedrought-induced mortality events may cause dramatic decreases in carbon stored by tropical forests whichare hotspots of biodiversity and a persistent carbon sink in the global carbon cycle.Secondary forests represent the majority of forested areas in the tropics and have higher carbonaccumulation rate than mature forests. However, compared to mature forests, we know relatively little abouttree functioning and ecophysiology of secondary forest ecosystem. Many forests in Southeast Asia consist ofvarious stages of ecological succession which are challenging to modelling climate-vegetation feedbacks inthis region. Differences in species composition of mature and secondary forests can further complicate ourunderstanding of how water will respond to climatic water stress in the future. Because changes in droughtfrequency and severity could have large consequences on forest structure and functioning, we need a betterunderstanding of the vulnerability of tropical forests to drought in order to more accurately predict globalcarbon and water cycling in light of climate change.Globally, canopy transpiration is the major component of total water transfer from forests to the atmosphere.Canopy transpiration is often used to estimate mean canopy stomatal conductance which is central tomodelling carbon uptake by forests. Differences in species compositions of mature and secondary forestsmay result in different canopy transpiration which can influence hydrologic and carbon cycles of theseforests. With limited understanding of water and carbon cycling in Southeast Asian secondary forests,especially under climatic water stress, uncertainty in climate-vegetation models may increase, leading toinaccurate forecast of future changes in the global water and carbon cycles.With these regards, we propose to estimate canopy transpiration and evaluate its variation with climaticconditions in a mature and a secondary forests in Thailand. We will also investigate species-specificresponses to water stress by assessing tree hydraulics and drought vulnerability of the dominant species ineach forest. Furthermore, we will explore the degree of soil water partitioning of species within each forest toenhance our understating of climate change impact on forest structure and function of both forest types.Additionally, this study will be the first, to our knowledge, that quantifies canopy transpiration in secondaryforests in Southeast Asia. The outcome can be used to plan restoration projects, as well as to promote thevalues of secondary forests worldwide.

The potential emerging pathogens is a reality in Southeast Asia. Since a vector borne parasitic or viral disease is concerned, its investigation requires various expertises as well as an efficient organisation to articulate those expertises in a rational procedure. In Southeast Asia, Thailand is one of the more advanced counties where the improvement of expertise could be of the benefit to the country as well as of the region at whole.The main objective is to improve knowledge (What to know?) and skills (How to do?) of trainers who will be able to teach students in their respective Universities in the different areas involved in such investigation named: Applied Medical Entomology, Vector borne Parasitic and Viral Diseases, Ecology & Environment, Epidemiology, Data Management, Data Analysis and GIS. This is a Training of Trainers programme with the objectives:• To organise a field experiment training for the staff of the partners Universities• To provide them with educational suppport material including ICT products (English edited videos based on the field training and subtitled in Thai)• To update and accrediate curricula of teaching units at partners UniversitiesThis capacity building program is based on a field experiment teaching to better develop skills in terms of practical investigation.The aim is to improve knowledge and skills of the students, initially at the partner universities and over. To provide the participants with educational support documents including ITCE-based products, ensuring their dissemination and their quality at the initial training level in their respective Universities. It will also facilitate the potential exploitation of those outcomes at a larger geographical scale, for example by adapting the language.The long term impact would be to improve knowledge and skills of experts for a more efficient and, faster coordinated investigation.

Considerable nutritional challenges continue to exist in Southeast Asia (SEA), despite the encouraging economic development. Double burden of malnutrition and obesity, associated with a rapidly increasing burden of diabetes and other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) continue to coexist in the same populations. This can lead to major adverse consequences for health, performance and productivity, and economic development. Early nutrition and lifestyle during pregnancy and early childhood (the first 1000 days of life after conception) is a major modulating factor of long-term health, performance, and disease risks. Improving the knowledge and practice in early nutrition is particularly important in SEA which is currently coping with the double burden of disease, with high rates of both malnutrition and obesity/diabetes. Therefore, there is a burning need to establish and implement science-based, quality education that widely reaches health care professionals (HCPs e.g. obstetricians/gynaecologists, paediatricians) who can influence early nutrition and lifestyle in their clients. On a daily basis, HCPs in SEA must address a whole range of different aspects which require up to date knowledge and skills for its practical application. e-learning is an effective and sustainable tool to widely reach HCPs with very low barriers. ENeA SEA aims at addressing these issues by offering innovative e-learning, jointly developed by EU, Thai and Malaysian partners, to meet the educational requirements in a first step of Thai and Malaysian doctors in practice in the field. ENeA SEA has produced a dedicated curriculum, targeted e-learning modules in English, Thai and Malay languages and individualized training packages to specifically meet the user’s needs based on automated content matching processes (mass customisation). Most of these modules have been translated into Thai and Malay languages for a wider outreach. Efforts were made to get these modules incorporated into the Thai and Malaysian accreditation system under sustainability measures of this project and the ENeA SEA curriculum has been approved to be the CME activity of the Royal College of Pediatricians of Thailand and parts of the CPD system in Malaysia. Thus, ENeA SEA is suitable for professional sub-specialisation and for integration in pre-and postgraduate study programmes. It will now serve as the basis for future expansion to other HCP groups and other SEA countries.Apart from achieving six e-learning modules in which the contents are customized to the SEA region, the project emphasizes the capacity building for consortium partners. The academic staff of the consortium partners and Distant Learning Expert Board (DLEB) team were trained in the process of curriculum development, e-learning module adaptation, and new module generation. The e-learning equipment has been purchased and used during the project lifetime and will continue to be used after the project ends. Therefore, the partner institutions have built their own transferable capacity in creating the e-learning materials which is very valuable and relevant in higher education settings. In addition, this project has generated the partnership and networking between academic institutions not only in Europe and SEA but also among SEA partners, as well as across various academic disciplines (i.e. academic lecturer, clinician, researcher, DLEB member, dietitian). This partnership will sustain after the project completion through spin-off projects, publications and co-fundings under the sustainability plan.

Nowadays in Europe, automation is reshaping the manufacturing tools to decrease the product cost withinenvironmental objective guidelines, customized production and valuable improvement of work conditions. At oppositeside, in least developed countries of Asia the labour market has mostly found employment in farming andmanufacturing is still using low cost manpower with poor qualification profile. For these Asian countries, the industrialstructure of the economy is still at its beginning and is facing many challenges with their education system. One of themis the lack of expert educated with corresponding skills to work on new technology of automation in processing andmanufacturing system. It is usual in the corresponding factories to find foreigners holding high qualified job profile asuniversities have not yet incorporated dedicated lab to provide the right skills to their students. Asean Factori 4.0 projectpropose to contribute to this challenge by the design of a set of industrial automation labs with a corresponding stafftraining program to initiate the foundation of center of excellence in Automation. In each institution, different kinds ofpedagogical process will be implemented and tested to create a network of competencies among our partner countriesfollowing their local needs and to permit cross learning approach during the project. Through the Industry 4.0 roadmap,the project is the first step to educate students to prepare a future generation of qualified workers able to implementadvanced manufacturing and processing machinery.