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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Brain and Developmen...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
Brain and Development
Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
License: Elsevier TDM
Data sources: Crossref
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Children with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES): A detailed semiologic analysis and modified new classification

Authors: Vikas, Dhiman; Sanjib, Sinha; Vikram Singh, Rawat; Kommu John, Vijaysagar; Harish, Thippeswamy; Shobha, Srinath; Santosh Kumar, Chaturvedi; +1 Authors

Children with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES): A detailed semiologic analysis and modified new classification

Abstract

To analyze children with psychogenic non epileptic seizures and propose a modified new classification.This retrospective analysis included 56 children aged <18 years (M:F=26:30; mean age: 12.3±4.0 years) diagnosed PNES on video-EEG monitoring. The semiological characteristics like pattern of bodily movements, emotional signs, stereotypy, ictal vocalization, responsiveness, delay in diagnosis etc. were recorded. We analyzed our data as per previous adult classifications and proposed a modified classification.There were 190 recorded attacks (range: 1-9, median: 3) recorded. The age at onset of PNES was 8.9±4.1 years (range: 0.4-15.8 years; median: 9 years), age at diagnosis: 11.9±4.1 years (range: 2-17; median: 12.0 years), delay in diagnosis: 3.2±3.7 years (range: 0-15; median: 2.0 years). Anxiety disorder was seen in 9 (16.1%), stress in 6 (10.7%) children. Flexion/extension bodily movements were seen in 40 (70.1%), negative emotional signs in 17 (30.4%) and tremors in 14 (25%) cases. Thirty-three (58.9%) patients diagnosed as having true seizures initially and were on anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs), 14 patients (25.0%) initially diagnosed of PNES which remained unchanged after VEEG, nine patients (16.1%) had both PNES and true seizures. Twenty-six (46.4%) of our patients into the existing classifications. We then classified our patients into categories of a modified new classification: Hypermotor: 13 (23.2%), partial motor: 8 (14.3%), affective/emotional behaviour phenomena: 2 (3.6%), dialeptic: 8 (14.3%), 'aura': 3 (5.4%), mixed: 22 (39.3%).Incorrect diagnosis of epilepsy leads to unnecessary drug treatment. A detailed analysis of semiology and classification helps in early diagnosis of PNES. A modified systematic classification of PNES is proposed which would help in better standardization of PNES.

Keywords

Male, Adolescent, Video Recording, Brain, Infant, Electroencephalography, Seizures, Child, Preschool, Humans, Anticonvulsants, Female, Age of Onset, Child, Retrospective Studies

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
44
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
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