Summary Macroecology is concerned with understanding the abundance and distribution of species at large spatial and temporal scales. Understanding pattern and process in macroecology thus presents a considerable methodological challenge, as the scales of interest are simply too large for the traditional ecological approach of experimental manipulation to be possible or ethical. Here, I summarise the methods that have been most commonly employed to explore macroecological questions, discuss important methodological issues that need to be considered when interpreting macroecological data, and suggest likely future developments in macroecological methodology.