Purpose To determine the frequency of trial of labor after caesarean delivery and the success rate of this trial in women with diabetes as well as in a control population. To compare these results in the aim to expand the indication of the labor trial after caesarean delivery in diabetic women. Materials and methods This is a retrospective case-control study involving 400 cases: 200 diabetic women compared to 200 non-diabetic women conducted in obstetrics and gynecology department of the university hospital center of Monastir over 5 years. Results The rate of patients with a scarred uterus was 29% (53 cases) in diabetes group against 15% (30 cases) in the control group. The trial of labor is accepted in 24 women in the diabetes group against 26 women in the control group. The failure of the trial of labor was noted in 17% of cases (4 cases) in diabetic women and 38% of cases in non-diabetic women (10 cases). Conclusion The rate of elective cesarean in case of scarred uterus can be decreased among women with diabetes and expanding indications for the trial of labor. The success rate of trial of labor is high among diabetic, this is explained by the fact that those women with high-risk pregnancies are better selected before passing this test.