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Perfect necklaces

Authors: Nicolás Alvarez; Verónica Becher; Pablo A. Ferrari; Sergio A. Yuhjtman;

Perfect necklaces

Abstract

We introduce a variant of de Bruijn words that we call perfect necklaces. Fix a finite alphabet. Recall that a word is a finite sequence of symbols in the alphabet and a circular word, or necklace, is the equivalence class of a word under rotations. For positive integers k and n, we call a necklace (k,n)-perfect if each word of length k occurs exactly n times at positions which are different modulo n for any convention on the starting point. We call a necklace perfect if it is (k,k)-perfect for some k. We prove that every arithmetic sequence with difference coprime with the alphabet size induces a perfect necklace. In particular, the concatenation of all words of the same length in lexicographic order yields a perfect necklace. For each k and n, we give a closed formula for the number of (k,n)-perfect necklaces. Finally, we prove that every infinite periodic sequence whose period coincides with some (k,n)-perfect necklace for any n, passes all statistical tests of size up to k, but not all larger tests. This last theorem motivated this work.

Country
Argentina
Keywords

Combinatorics on Words, FOS: Computer and information sciences, Statistical Tests of Finite Size, Combinatorics on words, Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM), De Bruijn Words, necklaces, Probability (math.PR), statistical tests of finite size, Mathematics - Statistics Theory, Statistics Theory (math.ST), de Bruijn words, Necklaces, FOS: Mathematics, Mathematics - Combinatorics, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.2, combinatorics on words, Combinatorics (math.CO), https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1, Mathematics - Probability, Computer Science - Discrete Mathematics

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
9
Top 10%
Top 10%
Average
Green
hybrid