Abstract This study examined the predictability of change in people's test scores from one administration of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) to another. Specifically, novel indices of between-occasion person reliability were developed and evaluated. Subjects were 96 male inmates from various Canadian Penitentiaries who completed the MMPI on two occasions separated by an average of 2.71 years. Respondents' protocols were scored on nine between-occasion and two within-occasion consistency measures, and on the four MMPI validity scales. Results showed high stability for the group mean profiles and modest stability for code types. The profile analysis identified the shape parameter as the most important index of similarity. Between-occasion measures showed weak intercorrelations, further supporting a multidimensional conceptualization of person reliability. Finally, within-occasion measures and the validity scales could predict between-occasion person reliability indices (except for change in the higher order codes) but different subsets of predictors emerged for different between-occasion measures. Theoretical and clinical implications of these results are discussed.