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Topology and its Applications
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Topology and its Applications
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Topology and its Applications
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On the product of homogeneous spaces

Authors: Jan van Mill; W. Wistar Comfort;

On the product of homogeneous spaces

Abstract

Within the class of Tikhonov spaces, and within the class of topological groups, most of the natural questions concerning ''productive closure'' of the subclasses of countably compact and pseudocompact spaces are answered by the following three well-known results: (1) [ZFC] There is a countably compact Tikhonov space X such that \(X\times X\) is not pseudocompact; (2) [ZFC] The product of any set of pseudocompact topological groups is pseudocompact; and (3) \([ZFC+MA]\) There are countably compact topological groups \(G_ 0\), \(G_ 1\) such that \(G_ 0\times G_ 1\) is not countably compact. We consider the question of ''productive closure'' in the intermediate class of homogeneous spaces. Our principal result, whose proof leans heavily on a simple, elegant result of \textit{V. V. Uspenskij} [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 87, 187-188 (1983; Zbl 0504.54007)] is this: In ZFC there are pseudocompact, homogeneous spaces \(X_ 0\), \(X_ 1\) such that \(X_ 0\times X_ 1\) is not pseudocompact; if in addition MA is assumed, the spaces \(X_ i\) may be chosen countably compact. Our construction yields an unexpected corollary in a different direction: Every compact space embeds as a retract in a countably compact, homogeneous space. Thus for every cardinal number \(\alpha\) there is a countably compact, homogeneous space whose Souslin number exceeds \(\alpha\).

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Keywords

homogeneous spaces, non- pseudocompact product, countably compact, homogeneous space, ZFC, Maps and general types of topological spaces defined by maps, Retraction, universal topological property, cellular number, productive closure, Extensions of spaces (compactifications, supercompactifications, completions, etc.), pseudocompact, homogeneous spaces, retract, Counterexamples in general topology, extension property, MA, Geometry and Topology, Product spaces in general topology, Souslin number

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
12
Average
Top 10%
Average
hybrid