Abstract A study of 173 premature infants is presented. Maternal factors and fetal factors are recorded. Premature delivery occurred most frequently in primigravidas in the older age group. Over one-third of the cases studied showed no abnormalities during the prenatal period. Toxemia was recorded in approximately one-fifth of the cases. One-sixth of the cases gave a history of staining. Spontaneous rupture of the membranes with and without history of injury and premature separation of the placenta was observed in approximately 10 per cent of the cases. One-quarter of the patients (25.67 per cent) were at term. Approximately 50 per cent were about 60 days from term. Multiple pregnancy occurred in 10 per cent of the cases. Delivery from below was effected in 85 per cent of the cases. Cesarean section was performed in 15 per cent. Fetal mortality was highest in cesarean section (40.7 per cent); next highest in breech extraction (37.5 per cent). Vertex presentation was accompanied by a fetal mortality of 21.2 per cent. The average length of labor was 7.98 hours. The highest percentage of premature deliveries occurred in the year 1944, and the majority of these after June 6 1944. The possibility of psychogenic factors in premature delivery must be considered. An average fetal mortality of 22.54 per cent was observed. It was noticed that as the weight of a child at birth increased, the probability of death decreased. Length, weight, and initial temperature of the infants are recorded. Initial weight loss, length of hospital stay, and weight gain on discharge are recorded. Autopsy reports on nine cases are summarized.