It is generally recognized that the term "celiac syndrome" includes several pediatric disease entities which give rise to malnutrition, abnormal stools with steatorrhea, and multiple vitamin deficiencies. Of these various disorders the most important are idiopathic celiac disease and cystic fibrosis of the pancreas. Celiac disease in children has become increasingly rare in this country in the last few years because of better knowledge of nutritional requirements and the advent of antibiotic agents, which prevent the chronic infections that used to act as trigger mechanisms in initiating the clinical manifestations. In contrast, because of the introduction of effective antibacterial drugs and better dietary control, the life span of patients with cystic fibrosis has increased greatly. In former years these patients died in infancy or early childhood of bronchopneumonia or occasionally of severe malnutrition. At the present time, fibrocystic patients are observed with increasing frequency, not only in the pediatric age