Worldwide, the health care sector consumes a huge share of national expenditure. The continuing global financial crisis has led to decreasing health care budgets, yet at the same time there is increasing demand for better services as the population ages; therefore strategic, tactical, and operational health care management have all become critically important. For all these reasons, there is now more than ever a tremendous need for quantitative decision support systems to help policymakers plan more effectively and allocate health care resources efficiently and equitably. The primary objective of this Special Issue of the Flexible Services and Manufacturing (FSM) Journal was to reflect recent developments in quantitative techniques to improve strategic, tactical, and operational management of health care services. This special issue contains new research contributions mainly illustrated by real world examples with a special focus on the policy implications of the work.