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The present study describes the production and characterization of phosphatidylcholine based ethosomes and organogels, as percutaneous delivery systems for crocin. Crocin presence did not influence ethosome morphology, while the drug slightly increased ethosome mean diameter. Importantly, the poor chemical stability of crocin has been found to be long controlled by organogel. To investigate the performance of phosphatidylcholine lipid formulations as crocin delivery system, in vivo studies, based on tape stripping and skin reflectance spectrophotometry, were performed. Tape stripping results suggested a rapid initial penetration of crocin exerted by the organogel, probably due to a strong interaction between the peculiar supramolecular aggregation structure of phospholipids in the vehicle and the lipids present in the stratum corneum and a higher maintenance of crocin concentration in the case of ethosomes, possibly because of the formation of a crocin depot in the stratum corneum. Skin reflectance spectrophotometry data indicated that both vehicles promoted the penetration of crocin through the skin, with a more rapid anti-inflammatory effect exploited by ethosomes, attributed to an ethanol pronounced penetration enhancer effect and to the carrier system as a whole.
Adult, Male, Drug Carriers, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Chemical stability; Nanotechnology; Permeation enhancers, Middle Aged, Administration, Cutaneous, Carotenoids, Nanostructures, Chemical stability, Nanotechnology, Permeation enhancers, Phospholipid, Viscosity, Drug Stability, Phosphatidylcholines, Humans, Female, Rheology, Gels
Adult, Male, Drug Carriers, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Chemical stability; Nanotechnology; Permeation enhancers, Middle Aged, Administration, Cutaneous, Carotenoids, Nanostructures, Chemical stability, Nanotechnology, Permeation enhancers, Phospholipid, Viscosity, Drug Stability, Phosphatidylcholines, Humans, Female, Rheology, Gels
citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 30 | |
popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Top 10% | |
influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Average | |
impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Top 10% |