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Computer Science - Research and Development
Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
License: Springer TDM
Data sources: Crossref
https://dx.doi.org/10.48550/ar...
Article . 2018
License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
Data sources: Datacite
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The shift from processor power consumption to performance variations: fundamental implications at scale

Authors: Schuchart, Joseph; Hackenberg, Daniel; Schöne, Robert; Ilsche, Thomas; Nagappan, Ramkumar; Patterson, Michael K.;

The shift from processor power consumption to performance variations: fundamental implications at scale

Abstract

The Intel Haswell-EP processor generation introduces several major advancements of power control and energy-efficiency features. For computationally intense applications using advanced vector extension (AVX) instructions, the processor cannot continuously operate at full speed but instead reduces its frequency below the nominal frequency to maintain operations within thermal design power (TDP) limitations. Moreover, the running average power limitation (RAPL) mechanism to enforce the TDP limitation has changed from a modeling to a measurement approach. The combination of these two novelties have significant implications. Through measurements on an Intel Sandy Bridge-EP cluster, we show that previous generations have sustained homogeneous performance across multiple CPUs and compensated for hardware manufacturing variability through varying power consumption. In contrast, our measurements on a Petaflop Haswell system show that this generation exhibits rather homogeneous power consumption limited by the TDP and capped by the improved RAPL while providing inhomogeneous performance under full load. Since all of these controls are transparent to the user, this behavior is likely to complicate performance analysis tasks and impact tightly coupled parallel applications.

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Keywords

FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing, Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)

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    popularity
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    Top 10%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
11
Top 10%
Top 10%
Average
Green
bronze